Several articles in the Bee have mentioned PHEVs, but this is the
first one that gives them significant coverage.
The Bee is very important in building awareness among elected
officials and people in government agencies.

http://www.sacbee.com/content/news/energy/story/14184226p-15011393c.html
'Addiction to oil' cure has a long way to go
By Tony Bizjak -- Bee Staff Writer
Monday, February 13, 2006
Story appeared on Page A1

For a century, most American car owners have known but one energy
drink, one source for their daily drive: oil refined into gas.

Now, it's time to move on.

That was the message delivered two weeks ago by President Bush, a
former oil executive, with his instantly famous assertion: "America
is addicted to oil."

In his State of the Union speech, Bush said the country must create
affordable new energy to make the nation less dependent on foreign oil.

Those comments have heightened the relevance of an industry that long
has viewed itself as laboring in the shadows, underfunded and underappreciated.

"A statement like that coming from him opens eyes across the board,"
said editor Ron Cogan of Green Car Journal, a California-based
magazine. "This is a milestone."

It creates intriguing questions for motorists in a gas-guzzling
society. If the petroleum era is coming to a close, which fuels are
contenders for the crown?

Will we be pumping something new into our tanks five or 10 years from
now? Will our next car even have a gas tank?

The short-term answer is old hat.

Most people will be pumping gas "for a long time to come," at least a
decade, said Dan Sperling, director of the Institute of
Transportation Studies at UC Davis.

The real driver of change is cost, said California Environmental
Protection Agency Secretary Alan Lloyd. The price of oil on the
international market is way up and out of U.S. control.

But the costs of alternative fuels are generally high, and will need
to come down before they supplant gas.

There are a number of alternative technologies in limited use that
could find their way into mass use alongside gas.

Already, trendy hybrid vehicles, such as the Toyota Prius, have hit
the road. Hybrids use gasoline, but shut off the gas engines at times
and run instead on a self-charging battery.

Some experts consider hybrids "bridge" technology, a stopgap until
non-petroleum fuels get a foothold.

Those include ethanol, which is alcohol made from corn, wood waste or
other agricultural products, and biodiesel, which can be made from
vegetable oil.

An estimated 4 million vehicles on the road today are built with
"flex-fuel" engines that can run on a mix of 85 percent ethanol and
15 percent gasoline, dubbed E85.

Many of them are made by General Motors. But GM has done little to
publicize their existence, and officials acknowledge many "flex-fuel"
vehicle owners don't know their vehicles can run on ethanol.

Critics accuse GM of adding inexpensive flex-fuel capability merely
to win federal credits, thus allowing GM to build more large gas-guzzlers.

With Japan ahead on hybrids, and Europe leading in new diesel
technology, GM has launched a marketing campaign to create its own
alternative niche called "Live Green, Go Yellow." The company plans
to mail yellow gas caps to owners of flex-fuel vehicles and team with
OnStar to tell flex-fuel vehicle owners the location of the nearest
ethanol fueling station.

The rub: Of about 175,000 gas stations in the United States, fewer
than 600 pump the E85 fuel, according to magazine editor Cogan.

The National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition lists only one public station
in California offering E85. It's a San Diego station where the price
for ethanol last week was $2.59 a gallon. There aren't many ethanol
customers, said Mike Lewis, who runs the station.

Lewis and others in the business say government and industry need to
pump more money into making gasoline alternatives cheaper, cleaner
and more available.

A California group is promoting a November ballot initiative, called
the Clean Alternative Energy Act, aimed at doing just that.

The measure, if approved, would tax the state's oil industry up to
$380 million a year, for 10 years, to fund research on getting new
fuels more quickly to the driving public.

"California can be a model for the nation (in a) technological
revolution that will benefit the economy and the environment," said
Fiona Hutton, spokeswoman for the group.

Oil industry officials and some taxpayer groups say the measure
creates bigger government and that the costs would inevitably be
passed on to consumers.

While ethanol, biodiesel and compressed gas are in limited use today,
two more-speculative and higher-tech alternatives are drawing attention.

One is hydrogen, which for years has been considered the ultimate
heir-apparent to petroleum. The other is a mixed-breed technology
making a comeback: plug-in electric vehicles that can be coupled with
ethanol engines.

Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has been pushing a concept called the
"Hydrogen Highway," a public-private partnership to build hydrogen
fueling stations in California and to encourage development of hydrogen cars.

Hydrogen has the strongest allure in the alternative energy world. It
can never be used up, and it has zero tailpipe emissions. Its exhaust
is warm water.

"Ultimately, a (hydrogen) fuel-cell vehicle will do to today's cars
and trucks what today's cars and trucks did to the horse and buggy
100 years ago," said GM official David Barthmuss.

The big question is when. At the moment, unclean fossil fuels are
still required to make most of the hydrogen being tested in cars.
Meanwhile, fuel cell technology - where hydrogen and oxygen mix
cleanly to create electricity - is too expensive to be used in
mass-produced cars. Energy experts say it will take at least a decade
for that technology to become marketable. Some say a decade is overly
optimistic.

Car companies are covering their bases by dabbling with a variety of
fuels and engine types.

GM is leaning toward hydrogen in the long term, but putting efforts
today into ethanol. Volkswagen is focusing on biodiesel technology
but is investing in hybrids and hydrogen as well, spokesman David
Geanacopoulos said.

One hydrogen critic with a different idea is upstart Felix Kramer in
Palo Alto, a former Silicon Valley entrepreneur.

His company, The California Cars Initiative, has replaced the battery
in the Toyota Prius hybrid with a larger one. It has to be plugged in
to a wall socket, but it gives the car greater battery range,
allowing most short trips to be taken using no gas at all. The car's
engine can be built to run on ethanol, Kramer said.

The retrofit cost is more than $10,000, Kramer said, but he thinks
auto companies could do it on a mass scale for $3,000.

Government officials, including state EPA head Lloyd, as well as
automakers and researchers, say there may never be a single fuel to
replace gasoline. Instead, many say car buyers a generation from now
will choose the car they want, then pick the engine and fuel source
that suits them.

"We will need to rely on all of them to achieve the kind of
independence we're looking for," Volkswagen's Geanacopoulos said.

The public, meanwhile, appears primed for change.

Car drivers like Paul Romero of Elk Grove say they are upset with
trip-wire gas prices and express concerns about the environmental
impacts and energy insecurity connected to gas use.

"Maybe it's that I'm getting older, seeing things that are
happening," said Romero, who once ran a gas station. "I raised nine
kids, and I'm looking at what I am leaving for them."

About the writer: The Bee's Tony Bizjak can be reached at (916)
321-1059 or tbizjak@....

NOTE: I don't often comment on stories, but this one describes the
non-profit CalCars as a company. And it labels me an upstart. In the
Marx Brothers" greatest film, Duck Soup (1933), when Sylvanian
Ambassador Trentino called Freedonia President Rufus T. Firefly
(Groucho) an 'upstart' it led to war -- but I don't mind.


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Felix Kramer fkramer@...
Founder California Cars Initiative
http://www.calcars.org
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/calcars-news
http://www.hybridcars.com/blogs/power
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/priusplus
http://www.seattleeva.org/wiki/EAA-PHEV
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